1520s, "period of 40 days in which a widow has the right to remain in her dead husband's house." Earlier quarentyne (15c.), "desert in which Christ fasted for 40 days," from Latin quadraginta "forty," related to quattuor "four" (see four).
Sense of "period a ship suspected of carrying disease is kept in isolation" is 1660s, from Italian quarantina giorni, literally "space of forty days," from quaranta "forty," from Latin quadraginta. So called from the Venetian custom of keeping ships from plague-stricken countries waiting off its port for 40 days (first enforced 1377) to assure that no latent cases were aboard. The extended sense of "any period of forced isolation" is from 1670s.
1804, from quarantine (n.). Related: Quarantined; quarantining.
quarantine quar·an·tine (kwôr'ən-tēn')
n.
A period of time during which a vehicle, person, or material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country.
A place for such detention.
Enforced isolation or restriction of free movement imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease.
A condition of enforced isolation.
A period of 40 days.
The isolation of people who either have a contagious disease or have been exposed to one, in an attempt to prevent the spread of the disease.
Note: The term is sometimes used politically to designate the political and economic isolation of a nation in retribution for unacceptable policies: “When Iraq invaded Kuwait, it was placed in quarantine by the nations of the world.”