C17: from Greek meteorolōgia, from meteōron something aloft + -logia-logy. See meteor
Word Origin and History for meteorology
n.
"science of the atmosphere, weather forecasting," 1610s, from French météorologie and directly from Greek meteorologia "treatise on celestial phenomena, discussion of high things," from meteoron, literally "thing high up" (see meteor), + -logia "treatment of" (see -logy).
meteorology in Science
meteorology
(mē'tē-ə-rŏl'ə-jē) The scientific study of the atmosphere and of atmospheric conditions, especially as they relate to weather and weather forecasting.