abstract

[adj. ab-strakt, ab-strakt; n. ab-strakt; v. ab-strakt for 10–13, ab-strakt for 14] /adj. æbˈstrækt, ˈæb strækt; n. ˈæb strækt; v. æbˈstrækt for 10–13, ˈæb strækt for 14/
adjective
1.
thought of apart from concrete realities, specific objects, or actual instances:
an abstract idea.
2.
expressing a quality or characteristic apart from any specific object or instance, as justice, poverty, and speed.
3.
theoretical; not applied or practical:
abstract science.
4.
difficult to understand; abstruse:
abstract speculations.
5.
Fine Arts.
  1. of or pertaining to the formal aspect of art, emphasizing lines, colors, generalized or geometrical forms, etc., especially with reference to their relationship to one another.
  2. (often initial capital letter) pertaining to the nonrepresentational art styles of the 20th century.
noun
6.
a summary of a text, scientific article, document, speech, etc.; epitome.
7.
something that concentrates in itself the essential qualities of anything more extensive or more general, or of several things; essence.
8.
an idea or term considered apart from some material basis or object.
9.
an abstract work of art.
verb (used with object)
10.
to draw or take away; remove.
11.
to divert or draw away the attention of.
12.
to steal.
13.
to consider as a general quality or characteristic apart from specific objects or instances:
to abstract the notions of time, space, and matter.
14.
to make an abstract of; summarize.
Idioms
15.
abstract away from, to omit from consideration.
16.
in the abstract, without reference to a specific object or instance; in theory:
beauty in the abstract.
Origin
1400-50; late Middle English: withdrawn from worldly interests < Latin abstractus drawn off (past participle of abstrahere). See abs-, tract1
Related forms
abstracter, noun
abstractly, adverb
abstractness, noun
nonabstract, adjective, noun
nonabstractly, adverb
nonabstractness, noun
overabstract, verb (used with object), adjective
preabstract, adjective
superabstract, adjective
superabstractly, adverb
superabstractness, noun
Examples from the web for abstract
  • Read the abstract of their article below.
  • Readers may have difficulty deciphering the pictures, which come to resemble little works of abstract geometric art.
  • The researchers found ways to pose more abstract questions as well.
  • The ideas of the revolution centred in certain abstract conceptions.
  • In the abstract, Americans have reservations about electing a president in his 70s.
  • The more they abstract the less I know the truth.
  • The publishers ask for an abstract of only 150 words.
  • I've been working on an abstract with a particular conference in mind.
  • Adams began asking around, carrying the abstract to several specialists.
  • Once, a guard mistook a series of abstract paintings as blueprints for an escape attempt and destroyed them.
British Dictionary definitions for abstract

abstract

adjective (ˈæbstrækt)
1.
having no reference to material objects or specific examples; not concrete
2.
not applied or practical; theoretical
3.
hard to understand; recondite; abstruse
4.
denoting art characterized by geometric, formalized, or otherwise nonrepresentational qualities
5.
defined in terms of its formal properties: an abstract machine
6.
(philosophy) (of an idea) functioning for some empiricists as the meaning of a general term: the word ``man'' does not name all men but the abstract idea of manhood
noun (ˈæbstrækt)
7.
a condensed version of a piece of writing, speech, etc; summary
8.
an abstract term or idea
9.
an abstract painting, sculpture, etc
10.
in the abstract, without reference to specific circumstances or practical experience
verb (transitive) (æbˈstrækt)
11.
to think of (a quality or concept) generally without reference to a specific example; regard theoretically
12.
to form (a general idea) by abstraction
13.
(also intransitive) (ˈæbstrækt). to summarize or epitomize
14.
to remove or extract
15.
(euphemistic) to steal
Word Origin
C14: (in the sense: extracted): from Latin abstractus drawn off, removed from (something specific), from abs-ab-1 + trahere to draw
Word Origin and History for abstract
adj.

late 14c., originally in grammar (of nouns), from Latin abstractus "drawn away," past participle of abstrahere "to drag away; detach divert," from ab(s)- "away" (see ab-) + trahere "draw" (see tract (n.1)).

Meaning "withdrawn or separated from material objects or practical matters" is from mid-15c. That of "difficult to understand, abstruse" is from c.1400. Specifically in reference to modern art, it dates from 1914; abstract expressionism as an American-based uninhibited approach to art exemplified by Jackson Pollack is from 1952, but the term itself had been used in the 1920s of Kandinsky and others.

Oswald Herzog, in an article on "Der Abstrakte Expressionismus" (Sturm, heft 50, 1919) gives us a statement which with equal felicity may be applied to the artistic attitude of the Dadaists. "Abstract Expressionism is perfect Expressionism," he writes. "It is pure creation. It casts spiritual processes into a corporeal mould. It does not borrow objects from the real world; it creates its own objects .... The abstract reveals the will of the artist; it becomes expression. ..." [William A. Drake, "The Life and Deeds of Dada," 1922]

n.

"abridgement or summary of a document," mid-15c., from abstract (adj.). The general sense of "a smaller quantity containing the virtue or power of a greater" [Johnson] is recorded from 1560s.

v.

1540s, from Latin abstractus or else from the adjective abstract. Related: Abstracted; abstracting, abstractedly.

abstract in Medicine

abstract ab·stract (āb-strākt', āb'strākt')
adj.

  1. Considered apart from concrete existence.

  2. Not applied or practical; theoretical.

abstract in Technology

philosophy
A description of a concept that leaves out some information or details in order to simplify it in some useful way.
Abstraction is a powerful technique that is applied in many areas of computing and elsewhere. For example: abstract class, data abstraction, abstract interpretation, abstract syntax, Hardware Abstraction Layer.
(2009-12-09)