retrograde

[re-truh-greyd] /ˈrɛ trəˌgreɪd/
adjective
1.
moving backward; having a backward motion or direction; retiring or retreating.
2.
inverse or reversed, as order.
3.
Chiefly Biology. exhibiting degeneration or deterioration.
4.
Astronomy.
  1. moving in an orbit in the direction opposite to that of the earth in its revolution around the sun.
  2. appearing to move on the celestial sphere in the direction opposite to the natural order of the signs of the zodiac, or from east to west.
    Compare direct (def 25).
5.
Music. proceeding from the last note to the first:
a melody in retrograde motion.
6.
Archaic. contrary; opposed.
verb (used without object), retrograded, retrograding.
7.
to move or go backward; retire or retreat.
8.
Chiefly Biology. to decline to a worse condition; degenerate.
9.
Astronomy. to have a retrograde motion.
verb (used with object), retrograded, retrograding.
10.
Archaic. to turn back.
Origin
1350-1400; Middle English (adj.) < Latin retrōgradus going back, derivative of retrōgradī, equivalent to retrō- retro- + gradī to step, go; see grade
Related forms
retrogradely, adverb
retrogradingly, adverb
unretrograded, adjective
unretrograding, adjective
Synonyms
1. withdrawing, receding. 2. backward. 7. withdraw, recede, retrocede.
Examples from the web for retrograde
  • It sounds better, however, to posit the show as revisionist rather than retrograde.
  • However there were a few sessions on the stuff between boards and spine-forgive the retrograde image.
  • It may be read or left uninterpreted for future science retrograde studies to look at advanced cases of a condition.
  • Many orbit in retrograde fashion, in a direction opposite to their planets' rotations.
  • The people who are fighting us are a bunch of retrograde medievalists.
  • They suffered from retrograde amnesia, a condition as rare in life as it is common in movies.
  • Perhaps he is unaware that this is a retrograde move.
  • Thus the odd day shifts back the dominical letter every year in retrograde order.
  • The lagging end does not do any retrograde stretching which would conflict with other spaceships that may be on your tail.
  • If retrograde ejaculation is caused by drugs, your doctor may recommend that you stop taking such drug.
British Dictionary definitions for retrograde

retrograde

/ˈrɛtrəʊˌɡreɪd/
adjective
1.
moving or bending backwards
2.
(esp of order) reverse or inverse
3.
tending towards an earlier worse condition; declining or deteriorating
4.
(astronomy)
  1. occurring or orbiting in a direction opposite to that of the earth's motion around the sun Compare direct (sense 18)
  2. occurring or orbiting in a direction around a planet opposite to the planet's rotational direction: the retrograde motion of the satellite Phoebe around Saturn
  3. appearing to move in a clockwise direction due to the rotational period exceeding the period of revolution around the sun: Venus has retrograde rotation
5.
(biology) tending to retrogress; degenerate
6.
(music) of, concerning, or denoting a melody or part that is played backwards
7.
(obsolete) opposed, contrary, or repugnant to
verb (intransitive)
8.
to move in a retrograde direction; retrogress
9.
(US, military) another word for retreat (sense 1)
Derived Forms
retrogradation, noun
retrogradely, adverb
Word Origin
C14: from Latin retrōgradī to go backwards, from gradi to walk, go
Word Origin and History for retrograde
adj.

late 14c., originally of the apparent motions of planets, from Latin retrogradus "going back, going backward," from retrogradi "move backward," from retro- "backward" (see retro-) + gradi "to go, step" (see grade (n.)). General sense of "tending to revert" is recorded from 1530s.

retrograde in Medicine

retrograde ret·ro·grade (rět'rə-grād')
adj.

  1. Moving or tending backward.

  2. Opposite to the usual order; inverted or reversed.

  3. Reverting to an earlier or inferior condition.

v. ret·ro·grad·ed, ret·ro·grad·ing, ret·ro·grades

  1. To move or seem to move backward; recede.

  2. To decline to an inferior state; degenerate.

retrograde in Science
retrograde
  (rět'rə-grād')   

  1. Having a rotational or orbital movement that is opposite to the movement of most bodies within a celestial system. In the solar system, retrograde bodies are those that rotate or orbit in a clockwise direction (east to west) when viewed from a vantage point above the Earth's north pole. Venus, Uranus, and Pluto have retrograde rotational movements. No planets in the solar system have retrograde orbital movements, but four of Jupiter's moons exhibit such movement.

  2. Having a brief, regularly occurring, apparently backward movement in the sky as viewed from Earth against the background of fixed stars. Retrograde movement of the planets is caused by the differing orbital velocities of Earth and the body observed. For example, the outer planets normally appear to drift gradually eastward in the sky in relation to the fixed stars; that is, they appear night after night to fall a little farther behind the neighboring stars in their westward passage across the sky. However, at certain times a particular planet appears briefly to speed up and move westward a bit more quickly than the neighboring stars. This happens as Earth, in its faster inner orbit, overtakes and passes the planet in its slower outer orbit; the appearance of moving counter to its usual eastward drift is thus simply the result of perspective as seen from Earth. Compare prograde.