a combining form occurring in loanwords from Greek and Latin, where it meant “eight” (octagon; octastyle), on this model, used in the formation of compound words, and in chemical terms specialized to mean “having eight atoms” (octavalent).
before vowels oct-, word-forming element meaning "eight," from Greek okta-, okt-, from PIE *okto(u) "eight" (see eight). The variant form octo- often appears in words taken from Latin, but the Greek form is said to be the more common in English.