Fourier

[foo r-ee-ey, -ee-er; for 1, 2 also French foo ryey] /ˈfʊər iˌeɪ, -i ər; for 1, 2 also French fu ˈryeɪ/
noun
1.
François Marie Charles
[frahn-swa ma-ree sharl] /frɑ̃ˈswa maˈri ʃarl/ (Show IPA), 1772–1837, French socialist, writer, and reformer.
2.
Jean Baptiste Joseph
[zhahn ba-teest zhaw-zef] /ʒɑ̃ baˈtist ʒɔˈzɛf/ (Show IPA), 1768–1830, French mathematician and physicist.
3.
a crater in the third quadrant of the face of the moon: about 36 miles (58 km) in diameter.
British Dictionary definitions for Fourier

Fourier

/ˈfʊərɪˌeɪ; French furje/
noun
1.
(François Marie) Charles (ʃarl). 1772–1837, French social reformer: propounded a system of cooperatives known as Fourierism, esp in his work Le Nouveau monde industriel (1829–30)
2.
Jean Baptiste Joseph (ʒɑ̃ batist ʒozɛf). 1768–1830, French mathematician, Egyptologist, and administrator, noted particularly for his research on the theory of heat and the method of analysis named after him
Fourier in Science
Fourier
  (fr'ē-ā', f-ryā')   
French mathematician and physicist who introduced the expansion of periodic functions in the trigonometric series that is now named for him. He also studied the conduction of heat in solid bodies.